What is it?
Flat feet are the absence or reduction of the arch present in the sole of the foot when resting on the ground. In other words, the natural curvature from the heel to the forefoot is lacking. This phenomenon is quite common and affects both feet. It is usually one of the most common issues treated in pediatric orthopedics.
Causes
All children are born with flat feet because their tissues are softer and more flexible. As they grow, these tissues tighten and form an arch, although this may not become evident until the age of 10. A small percentage of children will continue to have flat feet into adulthood, but should only be treated if it causes pain, or problems in sports. Also, a small percentage cases of flat feet indicate an underlying problem, such as fused bones (tarsal synostosis), causing problems that require treatment.
Symptoms
We’re looking at child who runs and plays without problems, but tends to twist their ankle when walking and wears out the inside of the shoe more, and the flat foot may be directly visible to the naked eye.
Treatment
Treatment is appropriate if it causes pain or limitation, such as stiff feet. Therapeutic options range from insoles for pain reduction, to surgery to correct the anatomy of the foot (mostly minimally invasive).
Flat feet / valgus deformity.