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Herniated Disc Pain

What is it?

A herniated disc occurs when an intervertebral disc—the soft, gel-like cushion between the vertebrae—tears and bulges outward, putting pressure on nearby nerves. One of the most common causes is the natural degeneration of the disc over time, which leads to a loss of water content and flexibility, making it more prone to tearing. Sudden strain from lifting, accidents, or falls can also damage the disc. In addition, repeated motions, such as frequent bending or lifting heavy objects, may increase the risk of developing a herniated disc.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the location of the herniation, but typically include back pain that may radiate down the arm or leg, weakness in the affected limbs, a tingling sensation in specific areas of the back, and intense pain in the buttocks, thighs, or feet. In some cases, the condition may be present without any noticeable symptoms.

Treatment

The treatment for a herniated disc depends on the severity of the symptoms and the location of the herniation.

• Relative rest during the first few days to reduce inflammation.
• Over-the-counter pain medication such as ibuprofen or paracetamol, and in some cases, muscle relaxants or tricyclic antidepressants.
• Moderate exercise to improve function and strengthen the back.
• Interventional treatments:
  •  Epidural injections for fast and lasting relief, especially in acute low back pain with sciatica.
  •  Radiofrequency modulation to reduce nerve activity, providing long-term pain relief and improved joint function.
  •  Minimally invasive techniques to reduce or remove the herniated material and repair the affected area.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the damaged disc or remove the portion pressing on the nerve.

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